CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION

Corneal transplantation, also called corneal graft surgery, replaces a damaged or cloudy cornea with a clear donor cornea to restore vision and improve eye comfort. The cornea is the clear front window of the eye. When it becomes scarred, swollen, or irregular, light cannot focus properly. As a result, vision turns blurred, distorted, or dim. Corneal transplantation offers a proven, evidence-based solution for selected patients.

WHAT THIS SERVICE TREATS

This procedure helps patients with corneal diseases that reduce vision or cause persistent pain. Common indications include keratoconus, corneal scarring from infection or injury, corneal swelling after cataract surgery, inherited corneal dystrophies, and failed previous grafts. First, a comprehensive eye evaluation confirms whether transplant surgery gives the best benefit compared with other treatments.

TYPES OF CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

Modern corneal transplantation uses targeted techniques instead of one single method. Therefore, treatment can match the exact layer involved.

1. Full thickness transplant replaces the entire cornea when damage affects all layers.
2. Anterior lamellar transplant replaces the front layers while keeping the patient’s inner layer healthy.
3. Endothelial transplant replaces only the inner cell layer that controls corneal clarity.

Because of these options, surgeons can often choose a more precise and faster-healing approach.

HOW THE PROCEDURE WORKS

Corneal transplantation takes place in an accredited hospital operating room. The surgeon removes the diseased corneal tissue and then positions a carefully matched donor graft. Next, the graft is secured using fine sutures or specialized techniques depending on the transplant type. The procedure usually uses local anesthesia with sedation, although some cases require general anesthesia. Most patients go home the same day.

EXPECTED BENEFITS

Most patients experience clearer vision and better visual quality after proper healing. In addition, many patients report reduced glare, less eye discomfort, and improved daily function. However, visual recovery occurs gradually. Glasses or contact lenses may still be needed for best focus. In some cases, additional minor procedures refine the final result.

SAFETY AND RISK CONTROL

Corneal transplantation has a long safety record and strong clinical evidence. Nevertheless, like all surgery, it carries risks. These include graft rejection, infection, pressure rise, and delayed healing. Careful screening, modern surgical methods, and structured follow-up greatly reduce these risks. Early detection and prompt treatment further protect graft clarity.

RECOVERY AND FOLLOW-UP

After surgery, patients use prescribed eye drops and attend scheduled follow-up visits. Activity limits protect the eye during early healing. Vision improves step by step over weeks to months. Therefore, consistent follow-up remains essential for long-term success. Clear instructions support safe recovery and stable visual outcomes.

WHO SHOULD CONSIDER CONSULTATION

Patients with persistent blurred vision, corneal scars, progressive corneal thinning, or chronic corneal swelling should seek a cornea evaluation. Early assessment allows timely planning and better visual prognosis.